satyabrata

Distinctive Name Country/Town/Port/River
Britain of the South New Zealand
The Battlefield of Europe Belgium
City of the Golden Gate San Francisco
City of Magnificent Distances Washington D.C.
City of Popes Rome
City of Seven Hills Rome
City of Skyscrapers New York
Cockpit of Europe Belgium
Dark Continent, Africa
Dairy of Northern Europe, Denmark
Emerald Island ,Ireland
Empire City ,New York
Eternal City Rome, Italy
Forbidden City ,Lhasa (Tibet)
Garden of England ,Kent
Gate of Tears ,(Babel-Mandab)Jerusalem
Granite City, Aberdeen (Scotland)
Great White Way, Broadway (New York)
Gift of Nile ,Egypt
Gibraltar of the Indian Ocean, Aden
Herring Pond, Atlantic Ocean
Hermit Kingdom, Korea
Holy Land ,Palestine
Island of Cloves ,Madagascar (Malagasy)
The Isle of Spring, Jamaica
Key to the Mediterranean ,Gibraltar
Land of Cakes (or Oat Cakes), Scotland
Land of the Golden Fleece, Australia
Land of the Golden Pagoda ,Myanmar (Burma)
Land of Kangaroos ,Australia
Land of Lilies, Canada
Land of the Midnight Sun, Norway
Land of Milk and Honey ,Canaan
Land of Morning Calm ,Korea
Land of the Rising Sun ,Japan
Land of a Thousand Lakes ,Finland
Land of Thunderbolt ,Bhutan
Land of White Elephants, Thailand
Lady of Snow ,Canada
Little Venice, Venezuela
Never, Never Land Prairies ,(North Australia)
Pearl of Antilles ,Cuba
Playground of Europe ,Switzerland
Pillars of Hercules ,Straits of Gibraltar
Pearl of the Pacific ,Guayaquil Port (Ecuador)
Power keg of Europe, Balkans
The Promised Land ,Canaan
Quaker City ,Philadelphia
Queen of the Arabian Sea, Kochi (India)
Queen of the Adriatic ,Venice
Rich Coast ,Costa Rica
Rich Port Puerto, Rico
Roof of the World, Pamir (Tibet)
The Sea of Mountains ,British Columbia
Sorrow of China River ,Hwang Ho
The Saw Mill of Europe ,Sweden
Sick Man of Europe, Turkey
Sugar Bowl of the World ,Cuba
The Storehouse of the World, Mexico
The Down Under ,Australia
Venice of the North ,Stockholm
Venice of the East, Bangkok (Thailand), Allepey (India)
Yellow River, Hwang Ho (China)
White City ,Belgrade
Windy City ,Chicago
White Mans Grave Guinea ,Coast (West Africa)
The Spice Island of the West, Grenada
The Mother Colony of the West Indies, St. Kitts
City of Arabian Nights, Baghdad
Twin City ,Budapest
The Imperial City ,Rome
Golden City ,Johannesburg
The Modern Babylon ,London
Valley of Kings ,Thebes

1888 Sunlight soap introduced in India.
1895 Lifebuoy soap launched; Lever Brothers appoints agents in Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata, and Karachi.
1902 Pears soap introduced in India.
1903 Brooke Bond Red Label tea launched.
1905 Lux flakes introduced.
1913 Vim scouring powder introduced.
1914 Vinolia soap launched in India.
1918 Vanaspati introduced by Dutch margarine manufacturers like Van den Berghs, Jurgens, Verschure Creameries, and Hartogs.
1922 Rinso soap powder introduced.
1924 Gibbs dental preparations launched.
1925 Lever Brothers gets full control of North West Soap Company.
1926 Hartogs registers Dalda Trademark.
1930 Unilever is formed on January 1 through merger of Lever Brothers and Margarine Unie.
1931 Hindustan Vanaspati Manufacturing Company registered on November 27; Sewri factory site bought.
1932 Vanaspati manufacture starts at Sewri.
1933 Application made for setting up soap factory next to the Vanaspati factory at Sewri; Lever Brothers India Limited incorporated on October 17.
1934 Soap manufacture begins at Sewri factory in October; North West Soap Company's Garden Reach Factory, Kolkata rented and expanded to produce Lever brands.
1935 United Traders incorporated on May 11 to market Personal Products.
1937 Mr. Prakash Tandon, one of the first Indian covenanted managers, joins HVM.
1939 Garden Reach Factory purchased outright; concentration on building up Dalda Vanaspati as a brand.
1941 Agencies in Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata and Karachi taken over; company acquires own sales force.
1942 Unilever takes firm decision to "train Indians to take over junior and senior management positions instead of Europeans".
1943 Personal Products manufacture begins in India at Garden Reach Factory.
1944 Reorganisation of the three companies with common management but separate marketing operations.
1947 Pond's Cold Cream launched.
1951 Mr. Prakash Tandon becomes first Indian Director. Shamnagar, Tiruchy, and Ghaziabad Vanaspati factories bought.
1955 65% of managers are Indians.
1956 Three companies merge to form Hindustan Unilever Limited, with 10% Indian equity participation.
1957 Unilever Special Committee approves research activity by Hindustan Unilever.
1958 Research Unit starts functioning at Mumbai Factory.
1959 Surf launched.
1961 Mr. Prakash Tandon takes over as the first Indian Chairman; 191 of the 205 managers are Indians.
1962 Formal Exports Department starts.
1963 Head Office building at Backbay Reclamation, Mumbai, opened.
1964 Etah dairy set up, Anik ghee launched; Animal feeds plant at Ghaziabad; Sunsilk shampoo launched.
1965 Signal toothpaste launched; Indian shareholding increases to 14%.
1966 Lever's baby food, more new foods introduced; Nickel catalyst production begins; Indian shareholding increases to 15%. Statutory price control on Vanaspati; Taj Mahal tea launched.
1967 Hindustan Unilever Research Centre, opens in Mumbai.
1968 Mr. V. G. Rajadhyaksha takes over as Chairman from Mr. Prakash Tandon; Fine Chemicals Unit commissioned at Andheri; informal price control on soap begins.
1969 Rin bar launched; Fine Chemicals Unit starts production; Bru coffee launched
1971 Mr. V. G. Rajadhyaksha presents plan for diversification into chemicals to Unilever Special Committee - plan approved; Clinic shampoo launched.
1973 Mr. T. Thomas takes over as Chairman from Mr. V. G. Rajadhyaksha.
1974 Pilot plant for industrial chemicals at Taloja; informal price control on soaps withdrawn; Liril marketed.
1975 Ten-year modernisation plan for soaps and detergent plants; Jammu project work begins; statutory price control on Vanaspati and baby foods withdrawn; Close-up toothpaste launched.
1976 Construction work of Haldia chemicals complex begins; Taloja chemicals unit begins functioning.
1977 Jammu synthetic Detergents plant inaugurated; Indian shareholding increases to 18.57%.
1978 Indian shareholding increases to 34%; Fair & Lovely skin cream launched.
1979 Sodium Tripolyphospate plant at Haldia commissioned.
1980 Dr. A. S. Ganguly takes over as Chairman from Mr. T. Thomas; Unilever shareholding in the company comes down to 51%.
1982 Government allows 51% Unilever shareholding.
1984 Foods, Animal Feeds businesses transferred to Lipton.
1986 Agri-products unit at Hyderabad starts functioning - first range of hybrid seeds comes out; Khamgaon Soaps unit and Yavatmal Personal Products unit start production.
1988 Launch of Lipton Taaza tea.
1990 Mr. S. M. Datta takes over as Chairman from Dr. A. S. Ganguly.
1991 Surf Ultra detergent launched.
1992 HUL recognised by Government of India as Star Trading House in Exports.
1993 HUL's largest competitor, Tata Oil Mills Company (TOMCO), merges with the company with effect from April 1, 1993, the biggest such in Indian industry till that time. Merger ultimately accomplished in December 1994; Launch of Vim bar; Kissan acquired from the UB Group.
1994 HUL forms Unilever Nepal Limited, HUL and US-based Kimberley-Clark Corporation form 50:50 joint venture - Kimberley-Clark Lever Ltd. - to market Huggies diapers and Kotex feminine care products. Factory set up at Pune in 1995; HUL acquires Kwality and Milkfood 100% brandnames and distribution assets. HUL introduces Wall's.
1995 HUL and Indian cosmetics major, Lakme Ltd., form 50:50 joint venture - Lakme Lever Ltd.; HUL enters branded staples business with salt; HUL recognised as Super Star Trading House.
1996 Mr. K. B. Dadiseth takes over as Chairman from Mr. S. M. Datta; Merger of Group company, Brooke Bond Lipton India Limited, with HUL, with effect from January 1; HUL introduces branded atta; Surf Excel launched.
1997 Unilever sets up International Research Laboratory in Bangalore; new Regional Innovation Centres also come up.
1998 Group company, Pond's India Ltd., merges with HUL with effect from January 1, 1998. HUL acquires Lakme brand, factories and Lakme Ltd.'s 50% equity in Lakme Lever Ltd.
2000 Mr. M. S. Banga takes over as Chairman from Mr. K. B. Dadiseth, who joins the Unilever Board; HUL acquires 74% stake in Modern Food Industries Ltd., the first public sector company to be disinvested by the Government of India.
2002 HUL enters Ayurvedic health & beauty centre category with the Ayush range and Ayush Therapy Centres.
2003 Launch of Hindustan Lever Network; acquisition of the Amalgam Group
2005 Launch of "Pureit" water purifiers

1. People who ride on roller coasters have a higher chance of having a blood clot in the brain.
2. Black bears are not always black they can be brown, cinnamon, yellow and sometimes white.
3. People with blue eyes see better in dark.
4. Each year 30,000 people are seriously injured by exercise equipment.
5. The placement of a donkey?s eyes in its head enables it to see all four feet.
6. The sun is 330330 times larger than the earth.
7. The cow gives nearly 200000 glass of milk in her lifetime.
8. There are more female than male millionaires in the U.S.A.
9. A male baboon can kill a leopard.
10. When a person dies, hearing is usually the first sense to go.
11. Bill gates house was designed using Macintosh computer.
12. Nearly 22,000 cheques will be deducted from the wrong account over the next hour.
13. Almost all varieties of breakfast cereals are made from grass.
14. Some lions mates over 50 times a day.
15. American did not commonly use forks until after the civil war.
16. The most productive day of the week is Tuesday.
17. In the 1930?s America track star Jesse Owens used to race against horses and dogs to earn a living.
18. There is a great mushroom in Oregon that is 2,400 years old. It Covers 3.4 square miles of land and
is still growing.
19. Jimmy Carter is the first USA president to have born in hospital.
20. Elephants are the only animals that cannot jump.
21. Cleopatra married two of her brothers.
22. Human birth control pill works on gorillas.
23. The right lung takes in more air than the left.
24. It is illegal to own a red car in shanghai china.
25. A hard-boiled egg will spin. An uncooked or soft-boiled egg will not.
26. Astronauts cannot burp in space.
27. The snowiest city in the USA is Blue Canyon, California.
28. Lake Nicaragua in Nicaragua is the only fresh water lake in the world that has sharks.
29. Kite flying is a professional sport in Thailand.
30. The great warrior Genghis khan died in bed while having sex.
31. No matter how cold it gets gasoline will not freeze.
32. SNAILS have 14175 teeth laid along 135 rows on their tongue.
33. A BUTTERFLY has 12,000 eyes.
34. Dolphins sleep with 1 eye open.
35. A BLUE WHALE can eat as much as 3 tones of food everyday, but at the same time can live without
food for 6 months.
36. The EARTH has over 12,00,000 species of animals, 3,00,000 species of plants & 1,00,000 other
species.
37. The fierce DINOSAUR was TYRANNOSAURS which has sixty long & sharp teeth, used to attack &
eat other dinosaurs.
38. DEMETRIO was a mammal like REPTILE with a snail on its back. This acted as a radiator to cool the
body of the animal.
39. CASSOWARY is one of the dangerous BIRDS that can kill a man or animal by tearing off with itsdagger like claw.
40. The SWAN has over 25,000 feathers in its body.
41. OSTRICH eats pebbles to help digestion by grinding up the ingested food.
42. POLAR BEAR can look clumsy & slow but during chase on ice, can reach 25 miles / hr of speed.
43. KIWIS are the only birds, which hunt by sense of smell.
44. ELEPHANT teeth can weigh as much as 9 pounds.
45. OWL is the only bird, which can rotate its head to 270 degrees.
46. In the last 4000 years, no new animals have been domesticated.
47. On average, people fear spiders more than they do death.
48. The cigarette lighter was invented before the match.
49. Like fingerprints, everyone's tongue print is different.
50. Tapeworms range in size from about 0.04 inch to more than 50 feet in length.
51. German Shepherds bite humans more than any other breed of dog.
52. A female mackerel lays about 500,000 eggs at one time.
53. Crane sleeps standing on one leg.
54. Shark cannot see, they are very sensitive to sound.
55. Sneezing stops heart beat for a second and then continues.
56. Shape of the backbone is important to have sufficient breathing.
57. Tortoise has very sharp teeth it can rip open the stomach of whale with its teeth.

1-Name the marketing legend who first coined the word Privatisation in his book "The age of discontinuity"?
Answer
Peter druker
2-This world famous direct marketing company was founded by Rich Devos and Jay Van Andel in 1959. Name it?
Answer
amway
3-What's the term used for adding nonessential features to make a product more appealing than it is?
Answer
Bells and Whistles
4.Which company coined the term "Born Global" firms in the year 1993
Answer
Mcniksey
5-Name the personality who coined the term 'Marketing Myopia'?
Answer
Theodere levitt
6-What is known as "Demand Spillover"?
Answer
Sale of product or brand in one country market generates demand in another country

7.What is "double branding" in marketing parlance?
Answer
Usage of new and old brand names and logos
8.Which international soap brand was marketed as having a purity of 99 44/100%?
Answer
Dove
9.Which company launched '.Beat' range of hi-tech watches in India?
Answer
swatch
10.In bargaining terms what is known as "Cherry Picking"?
Answer
Bargaining by going store to store to get the best deal

Stock shock
Thrilling, heart throbbing whatever you may tell but it is really interesting, I am talking about stock shock that has been initiated by our finance club. Stock shock is a practical experience of trading though we are using virtual money. previous year I had participated but this year interesting due somehow market knowledge. I thank to them who are manage finance club. This three day will be very interesting and adventures them , those who are participating . Whole day(9.30 to 3.15)is journey of risk and gain , so there is quote higher risk and higher gain , now I personally feel from stock shock . one thing i noticed that all people are busy in their work placement commetiee,HR club, finnace club and marketing club , it great sign of potentiality of students .As our dean sir once told (placement meeting)MBA completed when you complete your first year course rest of the days keep on working . as you know guys proavenue had given us feedback that we have potentiality (batch 2008-2010), it is clearly visible

1- A murderer is condemned to death. He has to choose between three rooms. The first is full of raging fires, the second is full of assassins with loaded guns, and the third is full of lions that haven't eaten in 3 years. Which room is safest for him?

2-A woman shoots her husband. Then she holds him under water for over 5 minutes. Finally, she hangs him. But 5 minutes later they both go out and enjoy a wonderful dinner together. How can this be?

3-What is black when you buy it, red when you use it, and grey when you throw it away?
4-Can you name three consecutive days without using the words Wednesday, Friday, or Sunday?

5-This is an unusual paragraph. I'm curious as to just how quickly you can find out what is so unusual about it. It looks so ordinary and plain that you would think nothing was wrong with it. In fact, nothing is wrong with it! But it is highly unusual, though. Study it and think about it, but you still may not find anything odd. But if you work at it a bit, you might find out.

6-There is a man who lives on the top floor of a very tall building. Everyday he gets the elevator down to the ground floor to leave the building to go to work.Upon returning from work though, he can only travel half way up in the lift and has to walk the rest of the way unless it's raining! Why? (This is probably the best known and most celebrated of all lateral thinking puzzles. It is a true classic. Although there are many possible solutions which fit the initial conditions, only the canonical answer is truly satisfying.)

7 - A man and his son are in a car accident. The father dies on the scene,but the child is rushed to the hospital. When he arrives the surgeon says,"I can't operate on this boy, he is my son! " How can this be?

8-A man is wearing black. Black shoes, socks, trousers, lumpier, gloves and balaclava. He is walking down a black street with all the street lamps off .A black car is coming towards him with its light off but somehow manages to stop in time. How did the driver see the man?

9- Why is it better to have round manhole covers than square ones? This is logical rather than lateral, but it is a good puzzle that can be solved by lateral thinking techniques. It is supposedly used by a very well-known software company as an interview question for prospective employees.

10- A man went to a party and drank some of the punch. He then left early .Everyone else at the party who drank the punch subsequently died of poisoning. Why did the man not die?

11- A man walks into a bar and asks the barman for a glass of water. The barman pulls out a gun and points it at the man. The man says 'Thank you' and walks out. (This puzzle claims to be the best of the genre. It is simple in its statement, absolutely baffling and yet with a completely satisfying solution.Most people struggle every hard to solve this one yet they like the answer when they hear it or have the satisfaction of figuring it out.)


Answers
1- The third room. Lions that haven't eaten in three years are dead. That one was easy, right?
2- The woman was a photographer. She shot a picture of her husband, developed it, and hung it up to dry.
3 - Charcoal, as it is used in barbecuing.
4 -Sure you can name three consecutive days: yesterday, today, and tomorrow!
5 -The letter 'e', the most common in the English language, does not appear even once in the paragraph.
6. The man is very, very short and can only reach halfway up the elevator buttons. However, if it is raining then he will have his umbrella with him and can press the higher buttons with it.
7. The surgeon was his mother.
8. It was day time.
9. A square manhole cover can be turned and dropped down the diagonal of the manhole. A round manhole cannot be dropped down the manhole. So for safety and practicality, all manhole covers should be round.
10. The poison in the punch came from the ice cubes. When the man drank the punch, the ice was fully frozen. Gradually it melted, poisoning the punch.
11. The man had hiccups. The barman recognized this from his speech and drew the gun in order to give him a shock. It worked and cured the hiccups-so the man no longer needed the water.

1. AT&T - the former SBC merged with AT&T creating the new AT&T (USA)
2. China Mobile - formerly China state-owned, now still state-controlled, one of two mobile phone monopolies in the entire China.
3. Vodafone - Britain's largest telecom operator.
4. Verizon Communications - US-based telecom company formed after a series of mergers.
5. Telefonica - Multinational company with stakes in Dpain, Latin America and Europe. Owns the O2 brand.
6. Deutsche Telekom - German telecom company, also owns t-mobile.
7. America Movil - Mexican operator controlled by the world's richest man - Carlos Slim.
8. NTT DoCoMo - One of Japan's telecom operators.
9. France Telecom - One of France's telecom companies.
10. Nippon Telegraph & Telephone - Japan's second largest telecom operator.

1) The ringtone "Nokia tune" is actually based on a 19th century guitar work named "Gran Vals" by Spanish musician Francisco Tárrega. The Nokia Tune was originally named "Grande Valse" on Nokia phones but was changed to "Nokia Tune" around 1998 when it became so well known that people referred to it as the "Nokia
Tune."

2) The world's first commercial GSM call was made in 1991 in Helsinki over a Nokia-supplied network, by Prime Minister of Finland Harri Holkeri, using a Nokia phone.

3) Nokia is currently the world's largest digital camera manufacturer, as the sales of its camera-equipped mobile phones have exceeded those of any conventional camera manufacturer.

4) The "Special" tone available to users of Nokia phones when receiving SMS (text messages) is actually Morse code for "SMS". Similarly, the "Ascending" SMS tone is Morse code for "Connecting People," Nokia's slogan. The "Standard" SMS tone is Morse code for "M" (Message).

5) The Nokia corporate font (typeface) is the AgfaMonotype Nokia Sans font, originally designed by Eric Spiekermann. Its mobile phone User's Guides Nokia mostly used the Agfa Rotis Sans font.

6) In Asia, the digit 4 never appears in any Nokia handset model number, because 4 is considered unlucky in many parts of Southeast/East Asia.

7) Nokia was listed as the 20th most admirable company worldwide in Fortune's list of 2006 (1st in network communications, 4th non-US company).

8) Unlike other modern day handsets, Nokia phones do not automatically start the call timer when the call is connected, but start it when the call is initiated. (Except for Series 60 based handsets like the Nokia 6600)

9) Nokia is sometimes called aikon (Nokia backwards) by non-Nokia mobile phone users and by mobile software developers, because "aikon" is used in various SDK software packages, including Nokia's own Symbian S60 SDK.
10) The name of the town of Nokia originated from the river which flowed through the town. The river itself, Nokianvirta, was named after the old Finnish word originally meaning sable, later pine marten.
11.Nokia was founded in 1865 as a Rubber company in Finland named as Finnish rubber works, and later it was rechristend as Nokia

1.Toyota Motor Corporation ( Japan)
2. General Motors Company* ( United States)
3. Porsche Automobil Holding SE** ( Germany)
4. Ford Motor Company*** ( United States)
5. Honda Motor Company ( Japan)
6. Nissan Motor Company ( Japan)
7. PSA Peugeot Citroën S.A. ( France)
8. Hyundai Motor Company**** ( South Korea)
9. Suzuki Motor Corporation ( Japan)
10. Fiat S.p.A. ( Italy)
11. Renault S.A. ( France)
12. Daimler AG ( Germany)
13. Chrysler Group LLC ( United States)
14. BMW AG ( Germany)
15. Kia Motors Corporation**** ( South Korea)
16. Mazda Motor Corporation ( Japan)
17. Mitsubishi Motors Corporation ( Japan)
18. OAO AvtoVAZ ( Russia
19. Tata Motors Ltd ( India)
20. First Automotive Group Corporation ( People's Republic of China)
21. Fuji Heavy Industries Ltd ( Japan)
22. Isuzu Motors Ltd ( Japan)
23. Chana Automobile Company Ltd ( People's Republic of China)
24. Dongfeng Motor Corporation ( People's Republic of China)
25. Beijing Automotive Industry Holding Corporation, Ltd ( People's Republic of China
26. Chery Automobile Company Ltd ( People's Republic of China
27. Shanghai Automotive Industry Corporation ( People's Republic of China)
28. AB Volvo ( Sweden)
29. Brilliance China Automotive Holding Ltd ( People's Republic of China)
30. Harbin Hafei Automobile Industry Group Ltd ( People's Republic of China)
31. Geely Automobile ( People's Republic of China)
32. Anhui Jianghuai Automobile Company Ltd ( People's Republic of China)
33. BYD Auto ( People's Republic of China)
34. GAZ Group ( Russia)
35. Mahindra & Mahindra Ltd ( India)
36. Proton Holdings Bhd ( Malaysia)
37. Great Wall Motor Company Ltd ( People's Republic of China)
38. Paccar Inc ( United States)
39. Chongqing Lifan Automobile Company Ltd ( People's Republic of China)
40. MAN SE ( Germany)
41. Jiangxi Changhe Automobile Ltd ( People's Republic of China)
42. China National Heavy Duty Truck Group Company Ltd ( People's Republic of China)
43. LuAZ ( Ukraine
44. Navistar International Corporation ( United States
45. Shaanxi Automobile Group Company Ltd ( People's Republic of China
46. UAZ OJSC ( Russia
47. Ashok Leyland ( India)
48. Kuozui Motors Ltd ( Taiwan)

BELIEVE IT OR NOT……THESE ARE TRUE IN INCREDIBLE INDIA

1) Public Sector Bank (P&SB) needs to recruit over 3.5 lakh executives in the next five years = this is an opportunity.

2) Out of five million security guards, a security agency G4S employs over 1, 31,000 guards in the country where one million = 10 lakhs, is this a drop in the ocean & any opportunity cost involved here for us?

3) The number of women employees out of 30 lakh Central government is at least 20 per cent = confirms our positive bent of mind toward Liberation of all things natural.

4) The second face revival of unique number of Employees' Provident Fund will cost Rs. 51 crores = there may be a few more SCAMS with or without Judges involved here also… but these things happen in our country- c’mon…they are passé!

5) The domestic BPO industry is employing 4.67 lakh people = so the MAD HOUSE Culture keeps on beating!

6) In revision of pay scale for government employees, the minimum salary at the bottom of the pyramid would be over 3 times as high as stipulated minimum wages of his counterpart employed in private sector anywhere in India (together these account for 9% or so of wage earners in INDIA) = and imagine how many tens of times more than the balance 91% Indian wage-earners in India’s unorganized sector!

7) The Sixth Pay Commission's report for Central government employees has introduced a new term, CCL, or child-care leave, as a result a woman can avail 730 days or two years of CCL for two children apart from 360 days of maternity leave or 180 days, 19 gazetted holidays, and 58 days of casual, privilege and medical leave. Besides that, they can even avail of two years of discretionary study leave = this is a small step toward that GIANT stride of legalizing CASUAL LABOR in India’s government payrolls, come circa 2010. And also would now ensure our children are not under-nourished and die premature deaths due to negligence.
If this is not humanity’s strongest pillar for democracy- what else can be?


FACTS TO MAKE EVERY INDIAN PROUD*


Q. Who is the CEO of Citibank****?**
A. Vikram Pandit*
Q. Who is the creator of Pentium chip (needs no introduction as 90% of the
today's computers run on it)?* *
A. Vinod Dahm
Q. Who is the founder of world’s Largest Steel Company? **
A. Lakshmi N Mittal
Q. Who is the founder and creator of Hotmail **?
A. Sabeer Bhatia*
Q. Who is the chairman and CEO of PEPSICO ? **
A. Indra Krishnamurthy Nooyi

Q. We Indians are the wealthiest among all ethnic groups in America, even
Faring better than the whites and the natives.* *
There are 3.22 millions of Indians in USA (1.5% of population). YET,* *
38% of doctors in USA are Indians.
12% scientists in USA are Indians.
36% of NASA scientists are Indians.
34% of Microsoft employees are Indians.
28% of IBM employees are Indians.
17% of INTEL scientists are Indians
.13% of XEROX employees are! Indians.

Some of the following facts may be known to you. These facts were recently
published in a German magazine, which deals with WORLD HISTORY FACTS ABOUT
INDIA .
1. India never invaded any country in her last 1000 years of history.* *
2. India invented the Number system. Zero was invented by Aryabhatta.* *
3. The world's first University was established in Takshila in 700BC. More
than 10,500 students from all over the world studied more than 60 subjects.
The University of Nalanda built in the 4th century BC was one of the
greatest achievements of ancient India in the field of education.
4. According to the Forbes magazine, Sanskrit is the most suitable language
for computer software.
5. Ayurveda is the earliest school of medicine known to humans.
6. Although western media portray modern images of India as poverty striken
and underdeveloped through political corruption, India was once the richest
empire on earth.
7. The art of navigation was born in the river Sindh 5000 years ago. The
very word "Navigation" is derived from the Sanskrit word NAVGATIH.
8. The value of pi was first calculated by Budhayana, and he explained the
concept of what is now k! nown as the Pythagorean Theorem. British scholars
have last year (1999) officially published that Budhayan's works dates to
the 6 th Century which is long before the European mathematicians.
9. Algebra, trigonometry and calculus came from India . Quadratic equations
were by Sridharacharya in the 11 th Century; the largest numbers the Greeks
and the Romans used were 106 whereas Indians used numbers as big as 10 53.

10. According to the Gemmological Institute of America, up until 1896, India
was the only source of diamonds to the world.* *
11. USA based IEEE has proved what has been a century-old suspicion amongst
academics that the pioneer of wireless communication was Pr! ofessor
Jagdeesh Bose and not Marconi.
12. The earliest reservoir and dam for irrigation was built in Saurashtra. *
13. Chess was invented in India .
14. Sushruta is the father of surgery. 2600 years ago he and health
scientists of his time conducted surgeries like cesareans, cataract,
fractures and urinary stones. Usage of anaesthesia was well known in ancient
India .
15. When many cultures in the world were only nomadic forest dwellers over
5000 years ago, Indians established Harappan culture in Sindhu Valley (
Indus Valley Civilisation).
16. The place value system, the decimal system was developed in India in 100
BC
Quotes about India .* *
We owe a lot to the Indians, who taught us how to count, without which no
worthwhile scientific discovery could have been made.
Albert Einstein
India is the cradle of the human race, the birthplace of human speech, the
mother of history, the grandmother of legend and the great grand mother of
tradition.

Mark Twain.

If there is one place on the face of earth where all dreams of living men
have found a home from the very earliest days when man began the dream of
existence, it is India .
French scholar Romain Rolland.
India conquered and dominated China culturally for 20 centuries without ever
having to send a single soldier across her border. **
Hu Shih* *
(Former Chinese ambassador to USA)

Central bank :- Reserve Bank of India

Nationalized banks:- Allahabad Bank • Andhra Bank • Bank of Baroda • Bank of India • Bank of Maharashtra • Canara Bank • Central Bank of India • Corporation Bank • Dena Bank • Indian Bank • Indian Overseas Bank • Oriental Bank of Commerce • Punjab & Sind Bank • Punjab National Bank • Syndicate Bank • Union Bank of India • United Bank of India • UCO Bank • Vijaya Bank • IDBI Bank

State Bank Group:- State Bank of India • State Bank of Bikaner & Jaipur • State Bank of Hyderabad • State Bank of Indore • State Bank of Mysore • State Bank of Patiala • State Bank of Saurashtra • State Bank of Travancore
Private banks:- Axis Bank • Bank of Rajasthan • Bharat Overseas Bank • Catholic Syrian Bank • Centurion Bank of Punjab • City Union Bank • Development Credit Bank • Dhanalakshmi Bank • Federal Bank • Ganesh Bank of Kurundwad • HDFC Bank • ICICI Bank • IndusInd Bank • ING Vysya Bank • Jammu & Kashmir Bank • Karnataka Bank Limited • Karur Vysya Bank • Kotak Mahindra Bank • Lakshmi Vilas Bank • Nainital Bank • Ratnakar Bank • SBI Commercial and International Bank • South Indian Bank • Amazing Mercantile Bank • YES Bank

Foreign banks :- ABN AMRO • Barclays Bank • Citibank • HSBC • Standard Chartered • Deutsche Bank • Royal Bank of Scotland
Regional Rural banks:- South Malabar Gramin Bank • North Malabar Gramin Bank • Pragathi Gramin Bank • Shreyas Gramin Bank
Financial Services:- Real Time Gross Settlement(RTGS) • National Electronic Fund Transfer (NEFT) • Structured Financial Messaging System (SFMS) • CashTree • Cashnet • Automated Teller Machine (ATM)

SIX SIGMA
What is Six Sigma?
Six sigma is the structured application of tools and techniques applied on project basis to achieve sustained strategic results.

DMAIC six sigma approach
The six sigma approach for projects is DMAIC (define, measure, analyze, improve and control). These steps are the most common six sigma approach to project work. Some organizations omit the D in DMAIC because it is really management work. With the D dropped from DMAIC the Black Belt is charged with MAIC only in that six sigma approach. We believe define is too important be left out and sometimes management does not do an adequate job of defining a project. Our six sigma approach is the full DMAIC.

Define (DMAIC)
Define is the first step in our six sigma approach of DMAIC. DMAIC first asks leaders to define our core processes. It is important to define the selected project scope, expectations, resources and timelines. The definition step in the six sigma approach identifies specifically what is part of the project and what is not, and explains the scope of the project. Many times the first passes at process documentation are at a general level. Additional work is often required to adequately understand and correctly document the processes.

Measure (DMAIC)
Many think when they start a journey the most important thing to know is where they are going. While we agree knowing where you want to go is very important, we believe some of the first information you need before starting any journey is your current location. The six sigma approach asks the Black Belt project manager to quantify and benchmark the process using actual data. At a minimum consider the mean or average performance and some estimate of the dispersion or variation (maybe even calculate the standard deviation). Trends and cycles can also be very revealing. The two data points and extrapolate to infinity is not a six sigma approach. Process capabilities can be calculated once there is performance data.

Analyze (DMAIC)
Once the project is understood and the baseline performance documented and verified that there is real opportunity, it is time with the six sigma approach to do an analysis of the process. In this step, the six sigma approach applies statistical tools to validate root causes of problems. Any number of tools and tests can be used. The objective is to understand the process at a level sufficient to be able to formulate options for improvement. We should be able to compare the various options with each other to determine the most promising alternatives. As with many activities, balance must be achieved. Superficial analysis and understanding will lead to unproductive options being selected, forcing recycle through the process to make improvements. At the other extreme is the paralysis of analysis. Striking the appropriate balance is what makes the six sigma Black Belt highly valuable.

Improve (DMAIC)
During the improve step of the six sigma approach ideas and solutions are put to work. The six sigma Black Belt has discovered and validated all known root causes for the existing opportunity. The six sigma approach requires Black Belts to identify solutions. Few ideas or opportunities are so good that all are an instant success. As part of the six sigma approach there must be checks to assure that the desired results are being achieved. Some experiments and trials may be required in order to find the best solution. When making trials and experiments it is important that all project associates understand that these are trials and really are part of the six sigma approach.

Control (DMAIC)
Many people believe the best performance you can ever get from a process is at the very beginning. Over time there is expectancy that slowly things will get a little worse until finally it is time for another major effort towards improvement. Contrasted with this is the Kaizen approach that seeks to make everything incrementally better on a continuous basis. The sum of all these incremental improvements can be quite large. As part of the six sigma approach performance tracking mechanisms and measurements are in place to assure, at a minimum, that the gains made in the project are not lost over a period of time. As part of the control step we encourage sharing with others in the organization. With this the six sigma approach really starts to create phenomenal returns, ideas and projects in one part of the organization are translated in a very rapid fashion to implementation in another part of the organization.

Benefits of Six Sigma
There are numerous benefits of six sigma as a way to address issues and problems. Among the benefits of six sigma is the decrease in defects that are allowed to reach the customer. You can get some sense of the benefits of six sigma by reviewing some six sigma projects. Other benefits of six sigma include:
• Focus on customers.
• Improved customer loyalty.
• Reduced cycle time.
• Less waste.
• Data based decisions.
• Time management.
• Sustained gains and improvements.
• Systematic problem solving.
• Employee motivation.
• Data analysis before decision making.
• Faster to market.
• Team building.
• Improved customer relations.
• Assure strategic planning.
• Reductions of incidents.
• Measure value according to the customer.
• Better safety performance.
• Understanding of processes.
• Effective supply chain management.
• Design and redesign products/services.
• Knowledge of competition, competitors.
• Develop leadership skills.
• Breakdown barriers between departments and functions.
• Management training.
• Improve presentation skills.
• Integration of products, services and distribution.
• Use of standard operating procedures.
• Better decision making.
• Improving project management skills.
• Sustained improvements.
• Alignment with strategy vision, and values.
• Increased margins.
• Greater market share.
• Supervisor training.
• Lower costs to provide goods and services.
• Fewer customer complaints.

Maslow's hierarchy of needs


One of the many interesting things Maslow noticed while he worked with monkeys early in his career, was that some needs take precedence over others. For example, if you are hungry and thirsty, you will tend to try to take care of the thirst first. After all, you can do without food for weeks, but you can only do without water for a couple of days! Thirst is a “stronger” need than hunger. Likewise, if you are very very thirsty, but someone has put a choke hold on you and you can’t breath, which is more important? The need to breathe, of course. On the other hand, sex is less powerful than any of these. Let’s face it, you won’t die if you don’t get it!

Maslow took this idea and created his now famous hierarchy of needs. Beyond the details of air, water, food, and sex, he laid out five broader layers: the physiological needs, the needs for safety and security, the needs for love and belonging, the needs for esteem, and the need to actualize the self, in that order.

1. The physiological needs. These include the needs we have for oxygen, water, protein, salt, sugar, calcium, and other minerals and vitamins. They also include the need to maintain a pH balance (getting too acidic or base will kill you) and temperature (98.6 or near to it). Also, there’s the needs to be active, to rest, to sleep, to get rid of wastes (CO2, sweat, urine, and feces), to avoid pain, and to have sex. Quite a collection!
Maslow believed, and research supports him, that these are in fact individual needs, and that a lack of, say, vitamin C, will lead to a very specific hunger for things which have in the past provided that vitamin C -- e.g. orange juice. I guess the cravings that some pregnant women have, and the way in which babies eat the most foul tasting baby food, support the idea anecdotally.

2. The safety and security needs. When the physiological needs are largely taken care of, this second layer of needs comes into play. You will become increasingly interested in finding safe circumstances, stability, protection. You might develop a need for structure, for order, some limits.
Looking at it negatively, you become concerned, not with needs like hunger and thirst, but with your fears and anxieties. In the ordinary American adult, this set of needs manifest themselves in the form of our urges to have a home in a safe neighborhood, a little job security and a nest egg, a good retirement plan and a bit of insurance, and so on.

3. The love and belonging needs. When physiological needs and safety needs are, by and large, taken care of, a third layer starts to show up. You begin to feel the need for friends, a sweetheart, children, affectionate relationships in general, even a sense of community. Looked at negatively, you become increasing susceptible to loneliness and social anxieties.
In our day-to-day life, we exhibit these needs in our desires to marry, have a family, be a part of a community, a member of a church, a brother in the fraternity, a part of a gang or a bowling club. It is also a part of what we look for in a career.

4. The esteem needs. Next, we begin to look for a little self-esteem. Maslow noted two versions of esteem needs, a lower one and a higher one. The lower one is the need for the respect of others, the need for status, fame, glory, recognition, attention, reputation, appreciation, dignity, even dominance. The higher form involves the need for self-respect, including such feelings as confidence, competence, achievement, mastery, independence, and freedom. Note that this is the “higher” form because, unlike the respect of others, once you have self-respect, it’s a lot harder to lose!

The negative version of these needs is low self-esteem and inferiority complexes. Maslow felt that Adler was really onto something when he proposed that these were at the roots of many, if not most, of our psychological problems. In modern countries, most of us have what we need in regard to our physiological and safety needs. We, more often than not, have quite a bit of love and belonging, too. It’s a little respect that often seems so very hard to get!

C K PRAHALAD
BILL GATES
ALAN GREENSPAN
MICHAEL E PORTER
GARY HAMEL
W CHAN KIM & RENEE MAUBORGNE
THOMAS J PETERS
JACK WELCH
RICHARD BRANSON

COMBINING COLORS
The role that color plays in an interior store setting is much more than simply providing something pleasant for the shopper to see. While everyone has a favorite color, it is important to understand the rationale behind color choices. The right color choice can immediately create a mood and reflect the image you are trying to establish. Listed below are color choices and the silent messages they send:

White: Cold, sterile and by itself does not enhance either the image or the product displayed. When combined with another color it can create a striking balance to a color scheme.

Combined with yellow- cheerful and vibrant

Combined with blue -Crisp, cool and a great choice for resort merchandise

Combined with tan - subdued and elegant

Combined with black - rich and sophistication

Black: depressing by nature, it can create a gallery effect and feel. Great when used inside a cooler with halogen lighting or in backdrops that are spotlighted.

Red: Exciting color that is aggressive and warm. Can be used as an accent color on a wall and relays a sense of urgency. Best used for boutique or theme shop or as a seasonal color selection.

Orange: This warm earthy color would be perfect for a shop sporting a natural environmentally friendly image and product. In softer shades of salmon would work well for most retails shops and neutral in nature.
Green: Color of the month & my personal favorite (not only because it is the color of money). It is an excellent choice for a restful setting and highlights all floral in a harmonious color palette

Blue: The color preferred by most people it could be a soothing backdrop to most merchandise.

Purple: A dramatic color choice in its darkest hue and sweet and sometimes neutral in its lighter shade of lavender. Excellent when combined with blue to create a gray-blue-lavender.

World Top Retail Companies
In world so many famous retailers and all are growing. Here is a list of world top retail companies all over the world
1. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. US
2. Carrefour Group ,France
3. The Kroger Co, US
4. Metro AG ,Germany
5 The Home Depot, Inc US
6. Albertson's, Inc US
7. ITM Enterprises, SA Europe
8. Sears, Roebuck and Co, US
9. Kmart Corporation ,US
10. Target Corporation, US


Retail Companies India

Indian Retail Sector is very large and there is so many retail companies. Day to day Indian retail companies is growing. Here is a list of top retailer in India.
1. Lifestyle
2. RPG Retail
3. Pantaloon Group
4. Provogue
5. Reliance Fresh
6. Globus
7. Reliance World
8. Spencer's Retail
9. Trent (Westside)
10. Crossword


US Retail Companies

Here is a list of us top retail companies. Some retail companies of US, is the largest company of the world wide. Wal- Mart is the top us retail company and other are as :
1. Wal-Mart Stores, lnc
2. The Kroger Co
3. The Home Depot, lnc
4. Albertson's, lnc
5. Sears, Roebuck and Co
6. Kmart Corporation
7. Target Corporation
8. Safeway Inc
9. Costco Companies, lnc
10. IGA lnc

UK Retail Companies

Here is a list of top retail companies in UK
1. Tesco plc
2. J Sainsbury plc
3. Kingfisher plc
4. Marks & Spencer plc
5. Safeway plc
6. Somerfield plc
7. Great Universal Store
8. Dixons Group
9. The Boots Company plc
10. John Lewis Partnership

China Retail Companies

Here is the list of top china retail companies.
1. Shanghai Bailian Group Co., Ltd
2. Dalian Dashang Group Co., Ltd
3. Shandong Sanlian Commercial Co., Ltd
4. Beijing Wangfujing Department Store (Group) Co., Ltd
5. Suning Appliance Chain Store Group Co., Ltd
6. Hualian Supermarket Co., Ltd
7. Eguo China Retail Group (ECRG
8. Trading Co Ltd.
9. Rainbowgifts
10. Ascoso

Australia Retail Companies

There is so many largest retail companies in Australia in different sector such as insurance, banking food etc. We have collect the data from australian retail sector, Now here is the top retail companies of Australia.
1. BHP Billiton
2. Coles Myer
3. Caltex Woolworths
4. Dan Murphy's
5. CSR Group
6. Flemings (supermarkets)
7. Gloria Jean's
8. National Australia Bank
9. Kathmandu
10. QBE Insurance Group

Germany Retail Companies

Here is a list of top retailer in Germany.
1. Arcandor
2. Galeria Kaufhof
3. Israel's Department Store
4. Schocken Department Stores
5. Wertheim (department store)
6. Extra (supermarket)
7. EDEKA
8. Real (hypermarket)
9. Netto Marken-Discount
10. Lidl

France Retail Companies

Here is a list of famous retailer in france.
1. Galeries Lafayette
2. La Samaritaine
3. Kingfisher IT Services
4. Printemps
5. Cora (hypermarket)
6. Dia (supermarket chain)
7. Champion (supermarket)
8. Netto (Les Mousquetaires)
9. Damart
10. Castorama

Japan Retail Companies

Here is a list of top retailer in Japan.
1. lto-Yokado Co, Ltd
2. The Daiei, lnc
3. Jusco Co, Ltd
4. MYCAL Corporation
5. Saison Group
6. Takashimaya
7. Mitsukoshi Ltd
8. Daimaru, lnc
9. Matsuzakaya Co, Ltd

Singapore Retail Companies

Here is a list of top retailer and companies in Singapore
1. Aspial Corporation
2. Cortina Holdings Limited
3. Dairy Farm International Holdings Limited
4. Eu Yan Sang International
5. Osim International Limited
6. Pertama Holdings Limited
7. Psc Corporation Limited
8. Robinson & Co. Limited
9. RSH Limited
10. Thakral Corporation Limited

Mexico Retail Companies

Here is a list of top retail companies in Mexico
1. Casa Ley
2. Chedraui
3. Coppel
4. Dorian's
5. Elektra
6. El Puerto de Liverpool
7. Soriana

Pakistan Retail Companies

Here is a list of top retailer in Pakistan
1. Casa Ley
2. Chedraui
3. Coppel
4. Dorian's
5. Elektra
6. El Puerto de Liverpool
7. Soriana

Canada Retail Companies

1. Loblaw Companies
2. Empire Company Limited
3. Hudson's Bay Company
4. Pornack
5. Concept Test INC
6. Classic Car Audio
7. The James Co
8. Family
9. The Wagner Family
10. Sigma System Corp

Keyboard Shortcuts (Microsoft Windows)


1. CTRL+C (Copy)
2. CTRL+X (Cut)
3. CTRL+V (Paste)
4. CTRL+Z (Undo)
5. DELETE (Delete)
6. SHIFT+DELETE (Delete the selected item permanently without placing the item in the Recycle Bin)
7. CTRL while dragging an item (Copy the selected item)
8. CTRL+SHIFT while dragging an item (Create a shortcut to the selected item)
9. F2 key (Rename the selected item)
10. CTRL+RIGHT ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next word)
11. CTRL+LEFT ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous word)
12. CTRL+DOWN ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next paragraph)
13. CTRL+UP ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous paragraph)
14. CTRL+SHIFT with any of the arrow keys (Highlight a block of text)
SHIFT with any of the arrow keys (Select more than one item in a window or on the desktop, or select text in a document)
15. CTRL+A (Select all)
16. F3 key (Search for a file or a folder)
17. ALT+ENTER (View the properties for the selected item)
18. ALT+F4 (Close the active item, or quit the active program)
19. ALT+ENTER (Display the properties of the selected object)
20. ALT+SPACEBAR (Open the shortcut menu for the active window)
21. CTRL+F4 (Close the active document in programs that enable you to have multiple documents open simultaneously)
22. ALT+TAB (Switch between the open items)
23. ALT+ESC (Cycle through items in the order that they had been opened)
24. F6 key (Cycle through the screen elements in a window or on the desktop)
25. F4 key (Display the Address bar list in My Computer or Windows Explorer)
26. SHIFT+F10 (Display the shortcut menu for the selected item)
27. ALT+SPACEBAR (Display the System menu for the active window)
28. CTRL+ESC (Display the Start menu)
29. ALT+Underlined letter in a menu name (Display the corresponding menu) Underlined letter in a command name on an open menu (Perform the corresponding command)
30. F10 key (Activate the menu bar in the active program)
31. RIGHT ARROW (Open the next menu to the right, or open a submenu)
32. LEFT ARROW (Open the next menu to the left, or close a submenu)
33. F5 key (Update the active window)
34. BACKSPACE (View the folder one level up in My Computer or Windows Explorer)
35. ESC (Cancel the current task)
36. SHIFT when you insert a CD-ROM into the CD-ROM drive (Prevent the CD-ROM from automatically playing)

Dialog Box Keyboard Shortcuts

1. CTRL+TAB (Move forward through the tabs)
2. CTRL+SHIFT+TAB (Move backward through the tabs)
3. TAB (Move forward through the options)
4. SHIFT+TAB (Move backward through the options)
5. ALT+Underlined letter (Perform the corresponding command or select the corresponding option)
6. ENTER (Perform the command for the active option or button)
7. SPACEBAR (Select or clear the check box if the active option is a check box)
8. Arrow keys (Select a button if the active option is a group of option buttons)
9. F1 key (Display Help)
10. F4 key (Display the items in the active list)
11. BACKSPACE (Open a folder one level up if a folder is selected in the Save As or Open dialog box)

Microsoft Natural Keyboard Shortcuts

1. Windows Logo (Display or hide the Start menu)
2. Windows Logo+BREAK (Display the System Properties dialog box)
3. Windows Logo+D (Display the desktop)
4. Windows Logo+M (Minimize all of the windows)
5. Windows Logo+SHIFT+M (Restore the minimized windows)
6. Windows Logo+E (Open My Computer)
7. Windows Logo+F (Search for a file or a folder)
8. CTRL+Windows Logo+F (Search for computers)
9. Windows Logo+F1 (Display Windows Help)
10. Windows Logo+ L (Lock the keyboard)
11. Windows Logo+R (Open the Run dialog box)
12. Windows Logo+U (Open Utility Manager)
13. Accessibility Keyboard Shortcuts
14. Right SHIFT for eight seconds (Switch FilterKeys either on or off)
15. Left ALT+left SHIFT+PRINT SCREEN (Switch High Contrast either on or off)
16. Left ALT+left SHIFT+NUM LOCK (Switch the MouseKeys either on or off)
17. SHIFT five times (Switch the StickyKeys either on or off)
18. NUM LOCK for five seconds (Switch the ToggleKeys either on or off)
19. Windows Logo +U (Open Utility Manager)
20. Windows Explorer Keyboard Shortcuts
21. END (Display the bottom of the active window)
22. HOME (Display the top of the active window)
23. NUM LOCK+Asterisk sign (*) (Display all of the subfolders that are under the selected folder)
24. NUM LOCK+Plus sign (+) (Display the contents of the selected folder)
25. NUM LOCK+Minus sign (-) (Collapse the selected folder)
26. LEFT ARROW (Collapse the current selection if it is expanded, or select the parent folder)
27. RIGHT ARROW (Display the current selection if it is collapsed, or select the first subfolder)

Shortcut Keys for Character Map

After you double-click a character on the grid of characters, you can move through the grid by using the keyboard shortcuts:

1. RIGHT ARROW (Move to the right or to the beginning of the next line)
2. LEFT ARROW (Move to the left or to the end of the previous line)
3. UP ARROW (Move up one row)
4. DOWN ARROW (Move down one row)
5. PAGE UP (Move up one screen at a time)
6. PAGE DOWN (Move down one screen at a time)
7. HOME (Move to the beginning of the line)
8. END (Move to the end of the line)
9. CTRL+HOME (Move to the first character)
10. CTRL+END (Move to the last character)
11. SPACEBAR (Switch between Enlarged and Normal mode when a character is selected)

Microsoft Management Console (MMC)

Main Window Keyboard Shortcuts

1. CTRL+O (Open a saved console)
2. CTRL+N (Open a new console)
3. CTRL+S (Save the open console)
4. CTRL+M (Add or remove a console item)
5. CTRL+W (Open a new window)
6. F5 key (Update the content of all console windows)
7. ALT+SPACEBAR (Display the MMC window menu)
8. ALT+F4 (Close the console)
9. ALT+A (Display the Action menu)
10. ALT+V (Display the View menu)
11. ALT+F (Display the File menu)
12. ALT+O (Display the Favorites menu)











MMC Console Window Keyboard Shortcuts

1. CTRL+P (Print the current page or active pane)
2. ALT+Minus sign (-) (Display the window menu for the active console window)
3. SHIFT+F10 (Display the Action shortcut menu for the selected item)
4. F1 key (Open the Help topic, if any, for the selected item)
5. F5 key (Update the content of all console windows)
6. CTRL+F10 (Maximize the active console window)
7. CTRL+F5 (Restore the active console window)
8. ALT+ENTER (Display the Properties dialog box, if any, for the selected item)
9. F2 key (Rename the selected item)
10. CTRL+F4 (Close the active console window. When a console has only one console window, this shortcut closes the console)

Remote Desktop Connection Navigation

1. CTRL+ALT+END (Open the Microsoft Windows NT Security dialog box)
2. ALT+PAGE UP (Switch between programs from left to right)
3. ALT+PAGE DOWN (Switch between programs from right to left)
4. ALT+INSERT (Cycle through the programs in most recently used order)
5. ALT+HOME (Display the Start menu)
6. CTRL+ALT+BREAK (Switch the client computer between a window and a full screen)
7. ALT+DELETE (Display the Windows menu)
8. CTRL+ALT+Minus sign (-) (Place a snapshot of the active window in the client on the Terminal server clipboard and provide the same functionality as pressing PRINT SCREEN on a local computer.)
9. CTRL+ALT+Plus sign (+) (Place a snapshot of the entire client window area on the Terminal server clipboard and provide the same functionality as pressing ALT+PRINT SCREEN on a local computer.)

Microsoft Internet Explorer Navigation

1. CTRL+B (Open the Organize Favorites dialog box)
2. CTRL+E (Open the Search bar)
3. CTRL+F (Start the Find utility)
4. CTRL+H (Open the History bar)
5. CTRL+I (Open the Favorites bar)
6. CTRL+L (Open the Open dialog box)
7. CTRL+N (Start another instance of the browser with the same Web address)
8. CTRL+O (Open the Open dialog box, the same as CTRL+L)
9. CTRL+P (Open the Print dialog box)
10. CTRL+R (Update the current Web page)
11. CTRL+W (Close the current window)

Adi Godrej
Adi Godrej is the present chairman of Godrej Group of companies. He left India at the age of 17 to enroll at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He received his Bachelor and Master degrees in Management from the Sloan School in 1963.

Dhiru Bhai Ambani
Dhirajlal Hirachand Ambani (28 December 1932, - 6 July 2002), better known as Dhirubhai Ambani, was an Indian business tycoon and founder of Reliance Industries Limited.A film inspired by the life of Dhirubhai was released in January 2007. The Hindi Film Guru, directed by Mani Ratnam and music by A.R.Rahman has show the struggle of a man who strives to make his mark in life.


Aditya Mittal
Aditya Mittal (born c. 1974) is a Member of the Board of Directors and President and Chief Financial Officer of the world's largest steel firm Mittal Steel, which is majority owned by his father Lakshmi Mittal, who was ranked the fifth richest person in the world by Forbes in 2006. He has a Bachelor's Degree of Science in Economics from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania in the United States.

Anil Ambani
Anil Ambani is chairman of Reliance - Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group which includes Reliance Capital, Reliance Infocom and Chairman & Managing Director, Reliance Energy Limited, and was formerly Vice Chairman and Managing Director of Reliance Industries Limited. Ambani holds a Bachelor of Science degree from the University of Bombay and an MBA degree from The Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania. Currently, he serves as a member of the Wharton Board of Overseers. He is also the Chairman of Board of Governors of DA-IICT, Gandhinagar and a member of the Board of Governors of the Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur. He is member of the Board of Governors, Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad.
Azim Premji
Azim Hashim Premji (born July 24, 1945) is an Indian businessman and Chairman & CEO of one of the largest software companies in India, Wipro Technologies (headquarters located at Bangalore). He was rated the richest person in the country from 1999 to 2005 by Forbes.
G.R.Gopinath
Captain G. R Gopinath, the Managing Director of Air Deccan is a graduate of the prestigious National Defence Academy and has served the Indian Army.
Jamnalal Bajaj
Jamnalal Bajaj (1886 – 11 February 1942) was an industrialist, a philanthropist, and Indian freedom fighter. He was also a close associate and follower of Mahatma Gandhi. Gandhi is known to have adopted him as his son. Several institutions in India bears his name, including the Jamnalal Bajaj Institute of Management Studies. He founded the Bajaj group of companies in the 30s. The group now has 24 companies, including 6 listed companies. Besides Bajaj Auto Ltd, the other major companies in the group include Mukand Ltd, Bajaj Electricals Ltd and Bajaj Hindustan Ltd.
K.V.Kamath
K. V. Kamath (born December 2, 1947) is the Managing Director and CEO of ICICI Bank, the largest private bank in India. He is an alumnus of prestigious educational institutions of India like the Karnataka Regional Engineering College and the Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad. He is the recipient of the Asian Business Leader of the Year prize awarded at the Asian Business Leader Award 2001, organised by the business television network CNBC Asia.

Lakshmi Narayanan
Lakshmi Narayanan is CEO and President of Cognizant Technology Solutions (CTS).He holds a BS and MS in science and electronics from Bangalore University and an MBA from the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore.

Aroon Purie
Aroon Purie is an Indian journalist and the founder and editor in chief of India Today, a leading newsmagazine of India. He has served as editor of the magazine since founding it in 1975.
Bharat Goenka
Bharat Goenka is the managing director of Tally Solutions, India's leading company in business accounting software.

Brijmohan Lall Munjal
Dr. Brijmohan Lall Munjal is an Industrialist and founder of The Hero Group which owns the Hero Honda Motors in India.

Deepak Mohoni
Deepak Mohoni, the man behind the most popular word used in the Indian corporate circles "SENSEX" is exceptionally brilliant(B. Tech. IIT Kanpur, MBA - IIM Calcutta), and is rated as India's foremost market strategist by many investors.

Dilip Sanghvi
Dilip Shanghvi is Chairman of Sun Pharmaceuticals and has an estimated wealth of $1.4 billion.

Fakir Chand Kohli
Fakir Chand Kohli (born February 28, 1924) is regarded as the "Father of the Indian Software Industry." He was the first General Manager of Tata Consultancy Services, a leading Indian software consultancy company. He has also worked as the Deputy General Manager of the Tata Power Company.
Jagdish Khattar
Jagdish Khattar is the current Managing Director of Maruti Udyog Limited. Prior to this post, he has been an officer of the Indian Administrative Service with more than 37 years of experience.
Jyoti Naik
Jyoti Naik, also known as Jawantiben Popat, is the President of Lijjat Papad (Shri Mahila Griha Udyog Lijjat Papad) , and she pioneered a co-operative movement currently having over 42,000 members located in different parts of India.

Karsanbhai Patel
Karsanbhai Khodidas Patel (b. 1955, Mehsana, Gujarat) is an Indian industrialist, founder of the Rs. 2500 crore (USD 500 mn) Nirma group with major interests in detergents, soaps and cosmetics. He also has interests in education, and founded a leading engineering college, the Nirma Institute of Technology.

Kasturbhai Lalbhai ( Arvind Mill )
Kasturbhai Lalbhai (19 December 1894 – 20 January 1980) was an Indian industrialist. He was widely perceived as a nationalist businessman a kin to G. D. Birla.


Mr. Khalid A H Ansari
Mr. Khalid A H Ansari is an Indian businessman and journalist.He is the Chairman of Mid-Day Group of Publication based in Mumbai.

Kiran Mazumdar - Shaw
Dr. Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw (b. 23 March 1953 in Bangalore) is an Indian entrepreneur. She is the Chairman & Managing Director of Biocon Ltd. In 2004, she became India's richest woman.

Kumar Mangalam Birla
Kumar Mangalam Birla (June 14, 1967), is among the richest persons in India and the eighth youngest billionaire outside India according to the Fortune magazine. Mr. Kumar Mangalam Birla is the Chairman of the Aditya Birla Group.

M.S.Banga
Manvinder Singh Banga is the ex-CEO of Hindustan Lever Limited, the Indian subsidiary of Unilever, and the largest FMCG (fast moving consumer goods) company in India.Mr Banga is an alumnus of the Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad, one of India's premier management education institutes.

Mukesh Ambani
Mukesh Ambani is the chairman and managing director of Reliance Industries Limited, India's largest private sector company.

M. Balachandran
M. Balachandran (b. 1st May 1947), currently the Chairman & Managing Director (CMD) of Bank of India (BoI), is a prominent banker of India.

M. Damodaran
M. Damodaran is the chairman of the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI), the country's financial market watchdog, before that he headed the IDBI bank for a short stint.

Narayana Murthy
N.R. Narayana Murthy is an Indian industrialist, software engineer and the founder of Infosys Technologies.He retired on 20th August, 2006. However he shall continue as the Non-Executive Chairman. He graduated with a degree in electrical engineering from the University of Mysore in 1967 and received his master's degree from IIT Kanpur in 1969.
He began his career with Patni Computer Systems in Pune. He is the chairman of the governing body of both the International Institute of Information Technology - Bangalore, and the Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad. In addition, he is a member of the Board of Directors of INSEAD, Board of Overseers of the University of Pennsylvania's Wharton School, Cornell University Board of Trustees, Singapore Management University Board of Trustees and the Board of Advisors for the William F. Achtmeyer Center for Global Leadership at the Tuck School of Business.

Naresh Goyal
Naresh Goyal is the founder Chairman of Jet Airways. He started operating Jet Airways in 1993. Following the 2005 IPO of Jet Airways, Forbes magazine declared him the 16th richest person in India with a net worth of $1.9 billion. Was in News recently for the "Jet-Sahara Deal" which lead to failure.

Nandan Nilekani
He is a co-founder of India's National Association of Software and Service Companies (NASSCOM). He is currently the CEO and Managing Director of Infosys.

Nusli Wadia
He is the chairman and majority owner of Bombay Dyeing, a major Indian textile company, and has vast holdings in real estate across Mumbai. Nusli Wadia is the son of Neville and Dina Wadia, and the grandson of Mohammad Ali Jinnah, founder of Pakistan.

Dr. Pratap C. Reddy
Dr. Pratap C. Reddy is a doctor and businessman who founded the first corporate chain of hospitals in India, the Apollo Hospitals Group. He is the Executive Chairman of the company.

Preetha Reddy
Preetha Reddy, managing director of Apollo Hospitals (Chennai).

Ramalinga Raju Byrraju
Ramalinga Raju Byrraju (born September 16, 1954), is an Indian businessman, and a pioneer of the Information Technology industry in India.
He is the Chairman of Satyam Computer Services Ltd. It was founded in the late 1980's after venturing earlier into other businesses such as construction and textiles. Raju had acquired a B. Com from Andhra Loyola College at Vijayawada prior to receiving an MBA degree from Ohio University. He has attended the Owner/President course at Harvard.

Ramesh Chandra Agarwal
Ramesh Agarwal is a media baron of India. He owns Dainik Bhaskar group of newspapers that has presence in 26 cities and six states of India and have estimated readership of over 1.5 crore

Ramesh Gelli
Ramesh Gelli is an Indian banking executive who served as the chairman and managing director (CMD) of Vysya Bank and was a promoter and CMD of the troubled Global Trust Bank.

Ramnath Goenka
He founded the Indian Express in 1936.

Ramoji Rao
Ramoji Rao (Cherukuri Ramoji Rao), an Indian media baron born on 16th November 1936 at Gudivada, Chairman & Founder of Enadu group.

Ratan Tata
Ratan Naval Tata (born December 28, 1937, in Bombay) is the present Chairman of the Tata Group, a leading Indian conglomerate established by earlier generations of his family.

Sushil Kumar Roongta
Sushil Kumar Roongta is the current Chairman of Steel Authority of India Ltd. (SAIL).

S.K.Burman
Founder of Dabur.

Sabeer Bhatia
Sabeer Bhatia is a co-founder of Hotmail. Currently he has started a new venture called BlogEverywhere http://www.blogeverywhere.com

Salil Chaturvedi
Salil Chaturvedi is the owner of Indian apparel brand Provogue.

Sam Pitroda
Currently chairman of India's National Knowledge Commission, he is also largely considered to have been responsible for India's communications revolution . He is the Chairman and CEO of World-Tel Limited.

Sarthak Behuria
Sarthak Behuria is the chairman and Managing Director of Indian Oil Corporation. He is An alumnus of St. Stephen's College, Delhi, and the Indian Institute of Management (IIM), Ahmedabad.

Shahnaz Hussain
Shahnaz Hussain, Chief Executive Officer of Shahnaz Herbals, is a prominent Indian female entrepreneur.

Shiv nadar
Shiv Nadar is the CEO of Hindustan Computers Limited (HCL), a large information technology company in India.

Subhash Chandra
Chairman, Essel Group of Industries. ( Essel Group : Zee tv , Zee Cinema , Dish Tv , Essel World , Water Kingdom , playwin , kidzee , Asian Sky Shop. )

Sunil Mittal
Chairman & Managing Director of Bharti Group. ( Airtel )

Subroto Bagchi
Subroto Bagchi is co-founder and Chief Operating Officer for MindTree Consulting. MindTree Consulting is an international consulting company working in the IT Consulting and Software Services space.

Subrata Roy
Subrata Roy is the chairman and "managing worker" ( Managing Director) of the Sahara Group of companies .

Uday Kotak
Uday Kotak is an Indian businessman. He is the vice-chairman and managing director of Kotak Mahindra Bank.

Venugopal Dhoot
Venugopal Dhoot (Born 1944 in Mumbai, India) is an Indian business tycoon. He is Chairman of Videocon Electronics.His company recently bought a color picture tube unit from the French company Thompson SA, and a refrigerator business from Swedish company Electrolux.

Verghese Kurien
Verghese Kurien (born November 26, 1921 at Kozhikode, Kerala) is called the father of the White Revolution in India. He is also known as the Milkman of India.
He was the chairman of the Gujarat Co-operative Milk Marketing Federation Ltd.(GCMMF). GCMMF is an apex cooperative organization that manages the Amul food brand. He is recognised as the man behind the success of the Amul brand.

Vijay Mallya
Dr. Vijay Mallya (born December 20, 1955) is a Bangalore-based billionaire businessman and Member of Parliament (Rajya Sabha since 2002) from India. He is the son of industrialist Vittal Mallya and is the chairman of the United Beverages Group. Mallya has started a domestic airline in India called Kingfisher Airlines

3Com Corporation - R. Scott Murray
3M - George W. Buckley
4Kids Entertainment - Alfred R. Kahn
Accenture - William D. Green
Adobe Systems - Bruce R. Chizen
Amazon.com - Jeff Bezos
AMD - Héctor de Jesús Ruiz
Amcor - Ken MacKenzie
America West Airlines - Doug Parker
American Express - Kenneth Chenault
Analog Devices - Jerald G Fishman
Apple Computer - Steve Jobs
AT&T - Edward Whitacre, Jr.
Bank of America - Kenneth Lewis
Berkshire Hathaway - Warren Buffet
Best Buy - Bradbury H. Anderson
BMW - Norbert Reithofer
Boeing - W. James McNerney, Jr.
Caterpillar Inc. - James W. Owens
Cisco Systems - John Chambers
Citigroup - Chuck Prince
CGI Group - Mike Roach
Coca-Cola - E. Neville Isdell
Cognizant Technology Solutions - Lakshmi Narayanan
Colgate-Palmolive - Reuben Mark
Computer Sciences Corporation - Van Honeycutt
Cameron - Sheldon Erikson
Countrywide Financial Corporation - Angelo Mozilo
Dell Inc - Michael Dell
Delta Air Lines - Gerald Grinstein
Deutsche Bank - Josef Ackermann
Deutsche Telekom - René Obermann
Du Pont - Charles O. Holliday
eBay - Margaret C. Whitman
Ericsson - Carl-Henric Svanberg
Exxon Mobil - Rex Tillerson
FedEx - Frederick W. Smith
Flextronics - Mike McNamara
Fotolog - Michael Crotty
Ford Motor Company - Alan Mulally
General Dynamics - Nicholas Chabraja
General Electric - Jeffrey R. Immelt
General Growth Properties - John Bucksbaum
General Motors - Rick Wagoner
GlaxoSmithKline - Jean-Pierre Garnier
Google - Eric E. Schmidt
Hewlett-Packard - Mark V. Hurd
Home Depot - Robert Nardelli
Honeywell - David M. Cote
HCL Technologies - Shiv Nadar
Infosys Technologies Limited - Nandan N. Nilekani
IBM - Samuel J. Palmisano
Intel - Paul Otellini
iGate - Phaneesh Murthy
ITC Infotech Limited - Sanjiv Puri
Johnson & Johnson - William C. Weldon
JP Morgan Chase - James Dimon
Kimberly-Clark Corporation - Thomas J. Falk
Krispy Kreme - Scott Livengood
Kingfisher Airlines - Dr. Vijay Mallya
Legacy Corporation - Edison A. Bardowell
Lehman Brothers - Richard S. (Dick) Fuld, Jr.
Lucasfilm Ltd. - Micheline Chau
Lucent Technologies - Patricia Russo
McDonalds - Jack Greenberg
McKinsey - Ian Davis
Merrill Lynch - Stan O'Neal
MGA Entertainment - Isaac Larian
Microsoft - Steve Ballmer
Motorola - Edward J. Zander
Mozilla - Mitchell Baker
MySQL AB - Marten Mickos
Nike - Philip Knight
Nokia - Olli-Pekka Kallasvuo
Nortel - Mike S. Zafirovski
Oracle Corporation - Larry Ellison
Pixar - Steve Jobs
Procter & Gamble - Alan Lafley
Reliance Industries Limited - Mukesh Ambani
Royal Bank of Canada - Gordon Nixon
S. C. Johnson & Son - Herbert Fisk Johnson III
Samsung - Kun-Hee Lee
Siemens - Klaus Kleinfeld
Sony - Howard Stringer
Sun Microsystems - Jonathan Schwartz
Tata Consultancy Services - S Ramadorai
Telefónica - César Alierta
Timberland - Jeff Swartz
Think Partnership - Scott Mitchell
Time Warner - Richard D. Parsons
Toyota - Hiroshi Okuda
Verizon - Ivan Seidenberg
Viacom - Tom Freston
Vodafone - Arun Sarin
Wal-Mart - Lee Scott
The Walt Disney Company - Robert A. Iger
Whirlpool - Jeff M. Fettig
Wipro - Azim Premji
World Wrestling Entertainment - Linda McMahon
Xerox - Anne M. Mulcahy
Yahoo! - Terry Semel

Rating Agency
The National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC)
The National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) is an autonomous body established by the University Grants Commission (UGC) of India to assess and accredit institutions of higher education in the country. It is an outcome of the recommendations of the National Policy on Education (1986) that laid special emphasis on upholding the quality of higher education in India.

Any institution of higher education imparting instruction at degree level and above shall be eligible for assessment by NAAC, provided the institution works under the relevant provisions and discipline of some university established under the Indian law, at least as regards the programmes / courses to be assessed


ISO 9001 Certification
In ISO 9001 Certification, highly competent market industries with ISO 9001 2000 certification hold a distinguished position. These industries hold an advantage over others and have gained trust & credibility. The ISO 9001:2000 quality certification is based on the following eight fundamental quality management principles:
• Customer focus
• Leadership
• Involvement of people
• Process approach
• System approach to management
• Continual improvement
• Factual approach to decision making
• Mutually beneficial supplier relationships
Overview of the ISO 9001:2000 standard
ISO 9001:2000 contains five requirements sections, each dealing with one of the fundamental building blocks required by any process. These are:

Quality Management System: This section details the general and documentation requirements that are the foundation of the management system. The general requirements ask you to look at the processes of the management system, how they interact with each other, what resources you need to run the processes; and how you will measure and monitor the processes. The second part of the section then sets out the requirements for the documentation needed to effectively operate the system and how the documentation should be controlled.

Management Responsibility: The management of the systems is the responsibility of the "top management" at a strategic level in the organization. The "top management" must know customers' requirements at a strategic level and make a commitment to meeting these as well as statutory and regulatory requirements. "Top management" must also set policies; and to achieve these policies set objectives through planning how the objectives will be met. "Top management" should also ensure that there are clear internal communications and that the management system is regularly reviewed.

Resource Management: This covers the people and physical resources needed to carry out the processes. People should be competent to carry out their tasks and the physical resources and work environment need to be capable of ensuring that the customers' requirements are met.

Product/Service realization: These are the processes necessary to produce the product or to provide the service. This is the act of converting the input of the process to the output. For a manufacturing organization, this may be the process of converting iron ore to steel via a blast furnace for example. For a service organization, this may be the process of moving a product or person from one place to another, for example, a taxi journey.

Measurement analysis and improvement: These are the measurements to enable the systems to be monitored to provide information on how the systems are performing with respect to the customer, the management systems themselves through internal audits, the processes and the product. Analyzing these, including any defect or shortfall in performance, will provide valuable information for use in improving the systems and products where this is required.

Each of these five fundamental building blocks is required for any process because, if one is missing, a controlled process does not occur.
The advantages of being ISO 9001:2000 compliance : - : -
1. Improved outcome of process
2. Professional image
3. Increased customer confidence
4. Better marketability
5. Clarity of responsibility and authority
6. Better and defined system
7. Consistent Quality
CE Certification
Europe is a competitive but prize market, easier to access than ever before. Too many Indian exporters, especially small and medium sized enterprises, avoid it because the technical requirements for entry seem too complicated, too difficult, or too expensive. Indian manufacturers who have successfully accessed the European market know that the time to understand the European system is well worth the effort. The European Union alone is filled with affluent consumers, approximately 450 million of them. The European market is a large area that comprises more than 25 countries.
For the exporter, therefore, Europe as a whole has become a market whose technical requirements have been greatly simplified. Before the creation of the European Union, each country imposed its own technical requirements. Different standards and conformity assessment procedures forced exporters to target one or two countries only, or to forego exporting to Europe altogether. The unification of these European countries into a European Union, and the consequent harmonization of laws, standards, and conformity assessment procedures, changed all that.
Perhaps more importantly, ISO 9001 Certification is used extensively in Europe as a condition of acceptance of a manufacturer's product or as a means of recognition of the manufacturer's credibility. It is important to note that a manufacturer with a quality system in place (such as ISO 9001 QMS) should not automatically assume that his or her products are CE compliant because of the quality system alone. The appropriate New Approach Directive(s) will prescribe the correct and full route to conformity assessment.
The CE Mark, which is affixed to a product or its packaging, is considered proof that a product has met the requirements of the harmonized European standard, or directive; refers to Communauté Européen. Translated from the French, this literally means European Community. The European Commission, which administers the program, describes the CE Mark as a passport for goods to be sold freely within the internal European market. It is required by law if the product falls under one of the New Approach Directives. It is not a quality mark, nor is it a mark for consumers. Intended for Member State authorities, it is the visible sign to those authorities that your product is in compliance with the New Approach Directives. All manufacturers are required to affix the CE mark to products that are governed by New Approach Directives. CE marking on a product indicates to all authorities that the product is in compliance with the essential health and safety requirements of all directives that apply to the product.
The first step to compliance is determining which directives apply to the product. A product may be regulated by more than one directive. The CE mark does not disclose which directive(s) or standards apply to the product, nor will it indicate the method of conformity assessment used to bring the product into compliance. This information is provided by other accompanying documents, such as the Declaration of Conformity. The Manufacturer or the Authorized Representative affixes the CE marking to the product. It is not affixed by a Notified Body.